Thoughts are correlated with physical events, namely synaptic activity in the brain. But that doesn’t mean that thoughts are merely synaptic activity in the brain, or that thinking ultimately comes from the brain, even though the brain is involved in thinking while we are alive. From a Christian perspective it is easy to show this. For one thing, we will continue to have thoughts even after death – after our brain ceases any activity at all (Luke 16:22-25). Logic cannot be material because it is not extended in space; you cannot see, hear, taste, touch, or smell logic. It’s not physical.

In the Christian worldview, we can have things like logic because we allow for non-material things to exist. God Himself is non-material. Logic is the way that God thinks. And since we are made in God’s image, our mind has awareness of logic and a limited ability to use logic to reason.