A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 which is divisible by only 1 and itself. Described another way, a prime number has only two factors, 1 and itself. The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 ....

As the building block for all numbers, prime numbers have a spiritual quality that has fascinated mathematicians and others. Prime numbers are a great way to learn and teach math, to improve mental acuity and focus, to fend off addiction, and to understand great works such as the Bible. The two greatest unsolved mysteries in mathematics relate to prime numbers: why every even number is the sum of two primes (Goldbach's conjecture), and apparently there are infinitely many twin primes. It is unknown whether there are infinitely many Mersenne primes.

The multiplication of the loaves -- the only miracle described in all four Gospels, and more than once in some Gospels, which suggests it happened more than once -- was always done with a prime number of loaves and fish ([…]). When another such incident is described later in the Gospel of Matthew, the multiplication occurs with another prime number-worth of loaves: 7. See Matthew 15:34 . Many biblical parables are tantalizing similar to prime numbers, such as The Parable of the Weeds. Acts 17:17, twice prime, is the midpoint of the New Testament.

In nature, multiple species of cicadas (locusts) reappear every 13 or 17 years -- both prime numbers -- and a full Moon on Christmas happens every 19 years, also a prime number. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, a prime number.

Leonhard Euler wrote:
Mathematicians have tried in vain to this day to discover some order in the sequence of prime numbers, and we have reason to believe that it is a mystery into which the mind will never penetrate.

There are infinitely many primes, while the only even prime number is 2. The Bible includes many references, direct and indirect, to prime numbers.